This paper expounded that a landlocked vast country must have a railway directly connecting with international markets on the base of analyses of present conditions of e-conomic development and of current problems in Mongolia. It either pointed out that the construction of a new railway connecting Asia and Europe which crosses the hinterland of Mongolia and begins from the Tumen river could provide Mongolia a most direct access to the Pacific Ocean. This program can improve greatly the conditions of social and economic development of Mongolia.